A cross-sectional Study to Assess Symptoms of Depression Anxiety and Stress in Cardiovascular Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

In recent decades, depression was known as Melancholia. It had been considered as a serious spiritual disorder rather than a physical state. The ubiquity of depression in CVD patients has been observed for more than 50 years. In Pakistan, depression affects probably 34% of the population and both inheritance and ecological factors play a vital role in its progression. Objective: The primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress associated with some risk factors in cardiac hospitalized patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 3 weeks at Nishtar Hospital Multan. Depression, anxiety, and stress scale (Dass 42) containing 42 questions had been used. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics using the latest version of SPSS. Results: A total of 108 patients were selected randomly. The final results of the current study were observed as depression was found to be 14.8% moderate and 13.9% very severe. Anxiety was found to be 17.6% moderate and 8.3 % very severe while stress was 22.2% moderate and 2% very severe. 57.4% of females were observed having mental disorders while only 42.5% of males were observed. 55.6% of smokers and 44.4% non-smokers were found to be the victim of these mental disorders. Depression was found to be more in patients with age group 40-60 years. Patients having diabetes mellitus, hypertension and angina were more associated with these disorders. On the basis of literacy 43% educated and 56.5% uneducated patients were observed. Discussion: Multivariate analysis were used to access the depression, anxiety, and stress in cardiovascular patients. Among them depression is a major cause of cognitive in the world. Most severely depressed patients were diabetic and had cardiovascular disorder. Conclusion: It is concluded that poor lifestyle, socio-economic factors, gender, age, marital status and concomitant disorders play a significant role in causing these disorders so they can be overcome by providing compassionate care, proper education, psychiatric monitoring, and social support.